Cologne

Cologne is a picturesque city in Germany, known for its magnificent cathedral, rich history, and vibrant cultural scene. Explore its narrow streets, beautiful museums, and enjoy the atmosphere filled with the aroma of local beer.

Many famous personalities have expressed their impressions about the city of Cologne. One can cite a famous quote by Henry James, the renowned American writer, who beautifully described the impressive architecture of Cologne. Perhaps a quote like this would be fitting:

From the first glance, the grandeur of Cologne captivates as if the whole city was built to impress and inspire. - Henry James

Such a quote emphasizes the unique atmosphere of Cologne and its architectural treasures that have the ability to impress tourists from around the world.

General information

Cologne is one of the oldest and largest cities in Germany, located in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The city was founded by the Romans in 38 BC and has a rich history that can be seen in its architecture and cultural landmarks.

Here are some reasons why Cologne is popular among tourists:

• Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom): This is one of the most famous landmarks in the city and in all of Germany. The cathedral is a masterpiece of Gothic architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its majestic towers can be seen from many parts of the city.

• Rhine River: Cologne is located on the Rhine river, making it an important river port. Strolls along the riverbank and river cruises are popular among tourists.

• Carnival: The Cologne Carnival is one of the largest and most famous carnivals in Europe. It attracts a huge number of tourists.

• Museums: Cologne has many museums on various themes, including the Roman-Germanic Museum, the Ludwig Museum (modern art), the Chocolate Museum, and the Museum of Applied Art.

• Old Market Square (Alter Markt) and Old Town: Strolls through these areas allow you to immerse yourself in the atmosphere of medieval Cologne.

• Cologne Opera and Theatres: The city is renowned for its cultural events, including opera, theatres, and concerts.

• Hohenzollern Bridge: Known not only as an important transport hub, but also as a place for "love locks" left by couples.

• Landmarks and Education: Cologne is home to one of the oldest universities in Europe - the University of Cologne, founded in 1388.

• Shopping and Gastronomy: Cologne offers many shopping opportunities. Be sure to try the local beer - Kölsch, as well as visit various restaurants and cafes.

• Convenient Transport Links: Cologne has a major international airport and a well-developed public transport network, making it very accessible to tourists.

In conclusion, the combination of rich history, cultural events, architectural landmarks, and diverse entertainment makes Cologne an attractive travel destination.

Monuments and museums

• Cologne Cathedral: This Gothic masterpiece is one of the most recognizable symbols of the city. It includes two huge spires and houses the relics of the Three Magi.
• Roman-Germanic Museum: Here you can find exhibits illustrating the rich Roman and Germanic history of the region, including the famous Dionysus mosaic.
• Chocolate Museum: This museum tells the long history and production process of chocolate. You can also see a working chocolate factory and try various types of this treat.
• Ludwig Museum: The museum houses one of the largest collections of modern art in Europe, including works by Picasso, Warhol, and Lichtenstein.
• Old Market and Town Hall: The historic market with many old buildings and the Carluvian Town Hall, the oldest in Germany, are an important part of the historic architecture.
• Great St. Martin Church: One of the twelve great Romanesque churches of the city. Built in the 11th-12th centuries, it impresses with its massive architectural style.
• Tiergarten: One of the country's oldest zoos, which attracts visitors with a variety of animals and well-kept areas.
• Rhine Tower: A modern symbol of the city, from the top of which you can enjoy magnificent views of the surroundings.
• Museum of Applied Arts: Here is an impressive collection of decorative and applied art - furniture, silver, ceramics, and textiles, from antiquity to the present day.
• Gürzenich Building: An ancient building now used for concerts and cultural events.

Historical events

Cologne is one of the oldest and most significant cities in Germany. Its history spans more than two thousand years, and many important events have taken place on its land.

• Roman foundation (38 BC): The city was founded by the Romans as a colony called Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium. This marks the beginning of Cologne's documented history. It became an important Roman fortress and trade center on the Rhine River.

• Medieval era and archbishopric: In the Middle Ages, Cologne became one of the largest cities in northern Europe and an important religious center. It was led by an archbishop who held immense influence not only within the city but also in German territory. The construction of Cologne Cathedral began in 1248, becoming a symbol of the city.

• Hanseatic League (14th century): Cologne was an important member of the Hanseatic League - a union of trading cities that dominated trade in the Baltic and North Sea. This brought significant wealth and development to the city.

• Thirty Years' War (1618-1648): During the Thirty Years' War, Cologne was relatively protected from destruction and became a refuge for many refugees. The city avoided major damage and maintained its religious autonomy.

• Transition to French and then Prussian rule (1794-1815): In 1794, the city was occupied by French troops, becoming part of the French Republic, and later the Empire. After Napoleon's defeat, the city came under Prussian rule by the decision of the Congress of Vienna in 1815.

• Industrialization (19th century): Throughout the 19th century, Cologne became a center of industrialization. Numerous factories, railways, and bridges were built. The city's population sharply increased, making it one of Germany's largest industrial hubs.

• World War II (1939-1945): During World War II, Cologne suffered significant bombings and was almost completely destroyed. About 90% of the city center was destroyed, but the city was quickly reconstructed after the war.

• Post-war reconstruction and modern period: After the war, Cologne was rebuilt and continues to develop. Today, it is one of Germany's cultural, economic, and technological centers. Cologne is also known for its carnival and is a major tourist destination thanks to the famous Cologne Cathedral and other historical buildings.

These events played a key role in shaping the history and development of Cologne, making it an important city in the European context.

Cultural events and festivals

Cologne, a major city in Germany, is known for its diverse cultural events and festivals which attract many tourists. Here are a few of them:

• Cologne Carnival (Kölner Karneval) - One of the most famous carnival events in Europe, it attracts thousands of visitors. The carnival begins in November, with main festivities taking place in February. This colorful and energetic event features street parades, costume parties, and various shows.

• Cologne Lights Festival (Kölner Lichter) - An annual event in July where light shows, fireworks, and concerts take place throughout the city. The highlight is a grand fireworks display on the Rhine River.

• Music Festivals:

  • c/o pop - A music festival and conference dedicated to contemporary pop music and culture. It takes place annually and includes performances by local and international artists.
  • Amphi Festival - A festival of gothic and alternative music held in July. It features a variety of performances in genres such as gothic rock, synth-pop, EBM, and more.

• Cologne Christmas Markets (Kölner Weihnachtsmärkte) - A series of holiday markets held before Christmas. The markets offer handmade crafts, treats, and souvenirs. The most famous markets are located at the Cologne Cathedral square and in the Old Town.

• Art Cologne - One of the oldest and most prestigious international art fairs, held since 1967. The event attracts collectors, gallery owners, and artists from around the world.

• Cologne Design Week - Exhibitions, masterclasses, and conferences dedicated to design and architecture are held as part of this event.

• Film Festival Cologne - An international film festival showcasing new releases from around the world, with meetings with directors and actors.

These events are just a small part of Cologne's rich cultural life, which is also known for its museums, theaters, and historical landmarks.

Galleries and exhibitions

Cologne, one of Germany's largest cultural centers, offers a rich variety of galleries and exhibitions. Here are some of the most significant:

• Museum Ludwig: Specializing in modern art, including works by Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol, and other prominent artists of the 20th century. The collection includes an impressive assortment of pop art and Russian avant-garde.
• Wallraf-Richartz Museum & Fondation Corboud: One of Cologne's oldest museums with a rich collection of art from the Middle Ages to the early 20th century. Special attention is given to the works of medieval masters and impressionists.
• Museum für Angewandte Kunst: Showcasing a variety of applied art objects from the Middle Ages to the present day, including furniture, textiles, ceramics, and jewelry.
• Römisch-Germanisches Museum: A key attraction for archaeology enthusiasts, the museum displays numerous artifacts from the Roman era found in modern-day Cologne.
• Kölner Philharmonie: In addition to art exhibitions, Cologne offers a rich musical program. The opera house and philharmonic regularly organize high-level concerts and opera performances.
• August Sander Archive: The collection is dedicated to the legacy of the famous photographer August Sander, known for his portraits of Germans at the beginning of the 20th century.

Galleries and smaller spaces:

• Die Kunstagentin: A contemporary gallery specializing in street and modern art. It often hosts exhibitions of young and promising artists.
• Galerie Boisserée: Offers a wide range of contemporary and classical modernist works, including graphics and paintings.
• Martina Kaiser Galerie: Deals with contemporary art, representing both German and international artists.
• Galerie Karsten Greve: One of the leading galleries specializing in post-war and contemporary art. The gallery organizes exhibitions by renowned artists and supports new talents.

Cologne is also known for its numerous art fairs and festivals, such as ART COLOGNE, which attract collectors and art enthusiasts from around the world.

Local cuisine

Cologne has a rich culinary history, and here you can try many local delicacies. Here are some of them:

• Himmel un Ääd (Heaven and Earth): This traditional dish consists of mashed potatoes (earth) and applesauce (heaven), served with fried blood sausages or black pudding.
• Kölsche Kaviar (Cologne Caviar): Despite the name, this dish is made from blood sausage, fried with onions, sometimes served with rye bread or mashed potatoes.
• Halver Hahn (Half a Rooster): It's actually not chicken, but German rye bread served with Gouda cheese, mustard, pickles, and onions.
• Rheinischer Sauerbraten (Rhenish Sour Roast): This is braised meat, usually beef, marinated in vinegar with spices before cooking. It is served with potato or flour dumplings and a sauce, often prepared with raisins.
• Reibekuchen (Potato Pancakes): Crispy potato pancakes, often served with sour cream or applesauce. They can also be found at street markets and festivals.
• Kölsch: This local light beer is served in small narrow glasses (200 ml). The taste pairs perfectly with local dishes.
• Mettbrötchen: This is a sandwich with raw minced meat (usually pork), seasoned with onions, salt, and pepper. It is important for the meat to be very fresh.
• Flönz: Cologne blood sausage, prepared with various spices. It is often served as a cold appetizer or fried.

While exploring Cologne, be sure to visit local restaurants and beer houses to fully experience the taste and atmosphere of this beautiful city!

Restaurants and cafes

Cologne, Germany, is full of diverse restaurants and cafes offering something for every taste. Here are some places worth visiting:

Traditional German Restaurants

• Früh am Dom:
  • Description: Historic beer restaurant right by the Cologne Cathedral. Here you can try typical Cologne dishes and Kölsch (local beer).
  • Address: Am Hof 12-18
• Gaffel am Dom:
  • Description: Another popular beer restaurant with traditional German cuisine. Spacious and popular among locals and tourists.
  • Address: Bahnhofsvorplatz 1

Modern and Creative Restaurants

• MaiBeck:
  • Description: Modern and creative German cuisine focusing on fresh seasonal ingredients. Michelin-starred restaurant.
  • Address: Am Frankenturm 5
• Ox & Klee:
  • Description: Michelin-starred restaurant known for its innovative dishes and tasting menus.
  • Address: Im Zollhafen 18

International Cuisine

• Paeffgen:
  • Description: Traditional Bavarian cuisine with a cozy interior. A place where you can experience the atmosphere of a real Bavarian celebration.
  • Address: Friesenstraße 64-66
• Brauhaus Sion:
  • Description: A combination of classic German dishes and a laid-back atmosphere. Great choice of Kölsch.
  • Address: Unter Taschenmacher 5-7

Cafes and Coffee Shops

• Cafe Reichard:
  • Description: One of the oldest cafes in Cologne, with a beautiful view of the Cologne Cathedral. A great place for breakfast or dessert.
  • Address: Unter Fettenhennen 11
• The Coffee Gang:
  • Description: Excellent spot for coffee lovers. Modern cafe with stylish interior and a variety of drinks.
  • Address: Hahnenstraße 31

Vegetarian and Vegan

• Bunte Burger:
  • Description: Environmentally sustainable restaurant offering a variety of vegan and vegetarian dishes, including delicious burgers.
  • Address: Hospeltstraße 1
• Edelgrün:
  • Description: Modern cafe with plant-based cuisine and healthy dishes for those who care about their health.
  • Address: Berrenrather Straße 372

These establishments are suitable for tourists looking to try both local cuisine and enjoy international and creative dishes.

Shopping malls and markets

Cologne, located in western Germany, is an important cultural and commercial center. The city offers a variety of opportunities for shopping, nightlife, and entertainment. Here are some of them:

Shopping centers and markets:

• Schildergasse: One of the busiest shopping streets in Europe, offering a wide range of stores from department stores to boutiques.
• Hohe Straße: A pedestrian street filled with shops selling everything from clothing to electronics.
• Rhein Center: Located in the Weiden district, this is one of Cologne's largest shopping centers with over 180 shops.
• Neumarkt Galerie: A complex located in Neumarkt square connecting many fashion stores and restaurants.
• Eigelstein-Torburg: One of the oldest districts offering a vibrant market and many local shops.
• Altstadt-Markt: Markets in the Old Town, especially the Christmas markets, offer unique items and cultural events.

Nightlife:

• Belgisches Viertel: Known for its trendy bars, cafes, and clubs. Plenty of fashionable and unusual places can be found here.
• Rudolfplatz: Many bars and restaurants are located in this bustling area, a great place to start the evening.
• Nippes: A district with atmospheric cafes and bars often frequented by locals.
• Zülpicher Straße: A street popular among students with numerous bars, pubs, and clubs.

Entertainment:

• Kölner Zoo: One of the oldest and wealthiest zoos in Germany, a great place for family outings.
• Chocolate Museum: An interesting place to visit, especially for those with a sweet tooth. Learn all about chocolate production and try different varieties.
• Phantasialand: A themed amusement park near Cologne offering a variety of attractions and shows for all ages.
• Claudius Therme: A great place for relaxation and rejuvenation with saunas, pools, and massage services.
• Museum Ludwig: One of the most famous modern art museums in Europe.
• Lanxess Arena: Hosts concerts, sports events, and high-level shows.

Cologne offers a rich selection of activities and places for cultural experiences, relaxation, and entertainment. This city with ancient history and vibrant traditions will make your visit unforgettable.

When is the best time to come?

The best time to visit Cologne largely depends on the events and climatic conditions you prefer.

Spring (March-May) Spring is a great time to visit Cologne. The weather gets warmer and the city begins to bloom. The parks and gardens of Cologne are particularly beautiful during this time of year. In May, there are also a number of festivals and events, with a special highlight being the Spring Festival on the fairgrounds.

Summer (June-August) Summer is a popular time for tourists. The weather is warm and sunny, making it perfect for exploring the city and outdoor excursions. One of the main events of the summer is the Cologne Lights Festival, where you can see a spectacular fireworks display over the Rhine.

Autumn (September-November) Autumn in Cologne also attracts tourists with its mild weather and vibrant colors. During this time of year, there are usually fewer tourists than in the summer, so you can enjoy sightseeing without large crowds. In November, the city starts to host Christmas markets, creating a special atmosphere.

Winter (December-February) Winter in Cologne is cool, but that doesn't stop a large number of tourists from visiting the city in December when the Christmas markets are open. The central market at Cologne Cathedral is considered one of the most beautiful in Germany. In February, the famous Cologne Carnival takes place - one of the largest carnival events in Europe, attracting thousands of people from all over the world.

Conclusion So, if you want to enjoy festivals and markets, winter and early spring are a great time to visit. If you prefer a more peaceful time and mild weather, choose autumn. For warm and sunny weather, summer is the best choice.

Transport

In Cologne, there are several main types of transportation that can be used to get around the city:

• Trams and Metro Trams: Cologne has an extensive network of trams and metro trams (Stadtbahn) that connect different parts of the city and suburbs. They are a fast and convenient way to get around.

• Buses: In addition to trams and metro trams, Cologne has a well-developed network of bus routes that provide access to areas not covered by other forms of public transportation.

• S-Bahn Trains: The city is also connected by a network of suburban trains (S-Bahn) that link Cologne to the suburbs and other cities in the region.

• Taxis and Car Sharing: Taxis are easy to find in the city, as well as car-sharing services from various companies (such as SHARE NOW or Cambio).

• Bicycles and Electric Scooters: Bicycles and electric scooters are popular in Cologne. You can rent them for short periods using special apps like Lime, Bird, or Nextbike.

• Personal Cars: Of course, you can always get around in your own car, but be aware of possible parking problems and traffic jams, especially in the city center.

• Walking Tours: Some parts of Cologne, especially the city center, are best explored on foot. This allows you to enjoy the historical architecture and atmosphere of the city.

Don't forget to consider the features of each type of transportation and choose the most convenient and suitable for your route and time.

Note for tourists

Visiting Cologne can be an unforgettable experience, and knowing some local customs and rules of behavior can help you enjoy your visit even more. Here are some useful tips:

Useful Tips for Tourists in Cologne

• Explore Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom):

  • This Gothic cathedral is one of the main attractions of the city. The climb to the top can be tiring, but the view of the city from there is magnificent.

• Visit museums:

  • Cologne has many excellent museums, including the Ludwig Museum (modern art), the Roman-Germanic Museum, and the Chocolate Museum.

• Take a walk in the Old Town (Altstadt):

  • Here you will find many cozy cafes, restaurants, and bars, as well as picturesque streets and historical buildings.

• Try local cuisine and drinks:

  • Be sure to try Kölsch - the traditional light beer of Cologne. Also, try local dishes such as Rheinischer Sauerbraten with apples and raisins.

Local Customs and Rules of Behavior

• Greetings and politeness:

  • Germans appreciate politeness. When entering a shop or restaurant, always say "Guten Tag" (Good day) or "Guten Abend" (Good evening). When leaving, use "Tschüss" (Goodbye) or "Auf Wiedersehen" (Goodbye).

• Tipping:

  • In restaurants, tips usually amount to around 5-10% of the bill. Tips are usually given in cash when paying the bill.

• Transport:

  • Cologne has a well-developed public transport system. Tickets must be purchased and validated (re-validated) before traveling. Traveling without a ticket can lead to a fine.

• Alcohol on the street:

  • Cologne is one of the few German cities where drinking alcohol on the street is allowed, but it is important to behave in a fun and respectful manner.

• Areas and safety:

  • Cologne is generally safe, but like in any large city, it is important to be attentive to your belongings, especially in crowded places and at train stations.

• Festivals and events:

  • Carnival in Cologne (Kölner Karneval) is one of the brightest events of the year, taking place in February-March. During this time, the city is filled with lively parades and costume parties.

• Public rules:

  • Trash should only be thrown in designated bins. Follow the rules in non-smoking areas.

Additional Useful Tips

• Tap water:

  • Tap water in Cologne is safe to drink.

• Shops:

  • Most shops in Cologne are closed on Sundays, except for small grocery stores at the train station and some tourist shopping points.

• Save money on sights:

  • Consider purchasing a Köln Card tourist pass, which offers discounts on museum tickets and public transport.

I hope these tips will help you enjoy your time in Cologne!