Lisbon

Lisbon is the capital of Portugal, charming with its narrow streets, picturesque hills, and rich history. It is a city of contrasts, where modernity intertwines with traditions, offering unique experiences for every traveler.

Lisbon is often referred to as the city of light, and the famous Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa wrote about it: There is no corner in the world as green and of such pure light, that is born only in Lisbon. This quote perfectly reflects the atmosphere and charm of this unique city, attracting tourists from all over the world.

General information

Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, is one of the oldest cities in Europe with a rich cultural and historical heritage. The city is situated on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, at the mouth of the Tagus River. Lisbon is known for its unique atmosphere, combining historical and modern elements, pleasant climate, and rich gastronomy.

Here are a few reasons why Lisbon is popular among tourists:

• Historical landmarks: Lisbon offers a variety of historical monuments and places such as Belem Tower, Jeronimos Monastery, Saint George's Castle, and Alfama, one of the oldest districts in the city with narrow winding streets.

• Culture and art: The city is rich in cultural events, museums, and galleries, such as the Calouste Gulbenkian Museum and the National Museum of Ancient Art. Fado music, a traditional genre that can be heard in local cafes, also speaks volumes about Lisbon's culture.

• Gastronomy: Lisbon offers a variety of traditional Portuguese dishes, including pastel de nata (cream tarts), bacalhau (cod), and various seafood.

• Pleasant climate: With a moderate climate most of the year, Lisbon is attractive for tourists, especially in the spring and autumn months when the weather is mild and comfortable for strolls.

• Vibrant atmosphere: Lisbon's nightlife is known for its energy, with numerous bars, clubs, and restaurants. The Bairro Alto district is particularly popular among those looking for nighttime entertainment.

• Variety of landscapes: Lisbon offers both urban landscapes and natural beauties - the nearby Sintra-Cascais Natural Park with magnificent castles and stunning views.

• Good transportation connections: Thanks to the international airport and a well-developed public transport network, including the metro, trams, and buses, Lisbon is easily accessible for tourists from around the world.

These aspects make Lisbon an attractive destination for visitors from all over the world.

Monuments and museums

• Belém Tower - an impressive example of Manueline architecture built in the early 16th century. It served as both a fortress and a symbol of the great geographical discoveries.

• Jerónimos Monastery - one of the most outstanding buildings in the Manueline style, where Vasco da Gama rests. The monastery reflects the richness of the Age of Great Discoveries.

• São Jorge Castle - an ancient castle located on a hill with magnificent views of the city. It is one of the oldest fortifications, with a history dating back to the early Middle Ages.

• Calouste Gulbenkian Museum - one of the most famous art museums, housing extensive collections of works from antiquity to modern times, including pieces by Rembrandt, Monet, and other masters.

• Azulejo Museum - a unique institution dedicated to the traditional Portuguese art of decorating with tiles. Here you can learn about the history and technology of creating azulejos.

• Santa Justa Lift - an architectural wonder in the Neo-Gothic style, designed by a student of Gustave Eiffel. The lift connects the lower and upper parts of the city, providing panoramic views.

• Rua Augusta Arch - a majestic structure built after the 1755 earthquake, leading to one of the central squares. The arch symbolizes the city's rise from the ruins.

Each of these places offers the opportunity to immerse yourself in the rich history and culture of the country, reflecting different eras and events.

Historical events

Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, has a rich history that spans millennia. Here are some significant historical events and brief descriptions of each:

• Phoenician foundation (around 1200 BC): Lisbon was likely founded by the Phoenicians, who used it as a trading port. They named the city "Alas Ubo," which translates to "safe harbor."

• Roman conquest and Lisbon (around 205 BC): Under Roman rule, the city became an important commercial and cultural center. The Romans called it Olissipona. During this period, roads, aqueducts, theaters, and other infrastructure were built.

• Moorish rule (8-12th centuries): After the Romans and various barbarian tribes, the region was conquered by the Moors (Muslims from North Africa). Under their rule, Lisbon thrived, with agriculture, crafts, and science flourishing.

• Reconquista (1147): Lisbon was recaptured from the Moors during a crusade led by King Afonso I of Portugal. This was a significant milestone in the Reconquista, gradually returning control of the Iberian Peninsula to Christian rulers.

• Golden Age of Portuguese Discoveries (15-16th centuries): Lisbon became a launching point for famous explorers such as Vasco da Gama. The discovery of the sea route to India and other expeditions made Portugal one of the leading maritime powers in the world.

• Lisbon Earthquake (1755): The catastrophic earthquake, which triggered a tsunami and fires, nearly destroyed the city. This event had a significant impact on the development of seismology and Enlightenment philosophy.

• Portuguese Revolution (1910): The revolution led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the proclamation of the republic. This marked the beginning of a new political era in Portuguese history.

• Carnation Revolution (1974): A bloodless coup that ended the dictatorship period in Portugal. It led to the restoration of democracy and the liberation of overseas colonies.

Today, Lisbon is a city with a rich history and cultural heritage that continues to play a significant role in the economic and cultural life of the country.

Cultural events and festivals

Lisbon is a city rich in cultural events and festivals that attract tourists and locals year-round. Here are some of the well-known events and festivals held in Lisbon:

• Saint Anthony Festival (Festas de Lisboa) - held in June, marking the beginning of the summer season. It features colorful parades, musical performances, and culinary fairs throughout the city, especially in the historic district of Alfama.

• NOS Alive - one of the largest music festivals in Portugal, attracting popular international and local artists. Usually held in July in the village of Algés, near Lisbon.

• Fado Festival - an event dedicated to traditional Portuguese music fado, including concerts at various venues in the city and its suburbs.

• Lisbon & Estoril Film Festival - an annual international film festival held in November, showcasing both international and Portuguese films and providing a platform for meetings with renowned directors and actors.

• Lisbon Pride Arraial (Arraial Lisboa Pride) - one of the largest celebrations of LGBT culture in Portugal, featuring musical performances and cultural events in honor of Pride Month.

• FIMFA Lx (International Festival of Puppetry and Animated Forms) - an international puppet theatre festival featuring works from theatre groups from around the world.

• Cidade - a street art and graffiti festival that takes place in the city and attracts artists from around the world to create new works of street art.

These events make Lisbon an attractive destination for culture lovers and those seeking refined entertainment.

Galleries and exhibitions

Lisbon is a cultural center, rich in a variety of galleries and exhibitions reflecting both Portuguese and international art. Here are some famous places worth visiting:

• Calouste Gulbenkian Museum: One of Lisbon's most famous museums, it is divided into two main collections: one dedicated to ancient art, and the other to contemporary art. Works by Rembrandt, Monet, and other great masters are featured here.

• Berardo Collection Museum of Modern Art (Museu Coleção Berardo): Located in the Belém area, this museum offers an extensive collection of modern art, including works by Duchamp, Picasso, Warhol, and others.

• Arpad Szenes - Vieira da Silva Foundation: Dedicated to the work of Portuguese artist Maria Helena Vieira da Silva and her husband Arpad Szenes, this museum offers an interesting look at abstract art of the 20th century.

• MUDE - Design and Fashion Museum: Presents a collection of contemporary design and fashion objects from 1937 to the present.

• MAAT (Museum of Art, Architecture, and Technology): A new museum on the Tagus river, hosting exhibitions focusing on the intersection of art, architecture, and technology.

• National Museum of Ancient Art: Home to the most important collection of Portuguese art from the Middle Ages to the early 19th century.

• Carmo Museum: A unique semi-destroyed structure, it offers interesting temporary exhibitions against a backdrop of gothic ruins.

Lisbon is also known for its many small galleries specializing in contemporary and experimental art. If you're planning a visit to the city, be sure to check the exhibition schedules as they often change, and there may be temporary events and festivals happening.

Local cuisine

Lisbon, like all of Portugal, is famed for its rich culinary heritage. Here are a few delicacies that a tourist should try:

• Pastel de nata - famous Portuguese creamy pastries with a crispy crust. Best tried at the historic confectionery Pastéis de Belém.

• Bacalhau - dried and salted cod, a traditional ingredient in many dishes. Try Bacalhau à Brás, a dish of cod with potatoes and eggs.

• Sardinhas assadas - grilled sardines, especially popular in the summer during the festival of Santo António. They are served with bread or salad.

• Caldo verde - a soup made of cabbage, potato, and chorizo sausage. This hearty and warming dish is popular in the winter months.

• Bifana - a sandwich with juicy pork seasoned with spices and often served with mustard or hot sauce.

• Amêijoas à Bulhão Pato - a dish of clams cooked with garlic, olive oil, lemon, and cilantro.

• Arroz de marisco - a Portuguese version of paella made with rice and seafood such as shrimp, mussels, and squid.

• Castanhas - roasted chestnuts, often sold in the streets in autumn and winter.

• Ginjinha - cherry liqueur traditionally served in small cups, sometimes with a cherry at the bottom.

• Queijo Serra da Estrela - soft and aromatic cheese from the Serra da Estrela region.

These dishes will help you immerse yourself in the unique atmosphere of Lisbon and understand the culinary traditions of Portugal.

Restaurants and cafes

Lisbon is famous for its cuisine and variety of restaurants and cafes. Here are a few establishments that tourists should visit:

• Time Out Market Lisboa - a gastronomic market that gathers the city's best restaurants and cuisines. It's a great way to sample a variety of local dishes in one place.

• Belcanto - a restaurant run by chef Jose Avillez, holding two Michelin stars. It offers a modern take on traditional Portuguese cuisine.

• A Cevicheria - a popular establishment specializing in Peruvian dishes, including various types of ceviche, by renowned chef Kiko Martins.

• Cervejaria Ramiro - a seafood lover's paradise, famous for its fresh oysters, prawns, and other seafood delicacies.

• Pastéis de Belém - a historic cafe known for its delicate and sweet pastel de nata. A must-stop for all food enthusiasts.

• Taberna da Rua das Flores - a cozy spot with traditional Portuguese cuisine, using fresh local ingredients and offering Portuguese gastronomy specialties.

• Ramiro - a legendary seafood restaurant known for its clams, crabs, and prawns.

• Fado na Rua - for those looking to combine gastronomic pleasures with a cultural program, visit places where fado is played, such as the Clube de Fado restaurant-bar.

When planning a visit, it is recommended to book tables in advance as many of these establishments are very popular.

Shopping malls and markets

Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, offers many options for shopping, nightlife, and entertainment:

Trade Centers and Markets

• Centro Colombo:

  • One of the largest shopping centers in Lisbon.
  • Over 300 stores, including international and local brands.
  • Cinemas, restaurants, and entertainment zones.

• Amoreiras Shopping Center:

  • Another popular shopping center with a variety of stores and restaurants.
  • Well-known for its modern design and central location.

• Mercado da Ribeira (Time Out Market):

  • Indoor market where you can try dishes from famous Portuguese chefs.
  • A place to buy fresh products and taste traditional Portuguese delicacies.

• Feira da Ladra:

  • Well-known flea market open on Tuesdays and Saturdays.
  • Here you can find antiques, vintage items, souvenirs, and art pieces.

Nightlife

• Bairro Alto:

  • One of the liveliest districts in the city for evening walks.
  • Many bars, pubs, and clubs with live music and a great atmosphere.

• Cais do Sodré:

  • District known for its trendy establishments and clubs.
  • Popular places include the Berlin disco "Musicbox" and the bar "Pensão Amor."

• Avenida 24 de Julho:

  • Street with many large nightclubs and discos.

• Lux Frágil:

  • One of Lisbon's most iconic nightclubs.
  • Unique interior and diverse program including guest DJs and themed parties.

Entertainment

• Fado in Alfama:

  • Traditional Portuguese music that can be enjoyed in many taverns and restaurants in the Alfama district.
  • A must-experience for immersing in Portuguese culture.

• Lisbon Oceanarium:

  • One of the largest indoor aquariums in Europe.
  • A great place to visit with children and adults.

• Parks and Gardens:

  • Eduardo VII Park and Gulbenkian Gardens offer beautiful opportunities for relaxation and walks.

• Cultural Events and Museums:

  • The Berardo Collection Museum and the National Museum of Ancient Art often host exhibitions and events.

Lisbon is a city that combines cultural heritage with modern entertainment, providing a wide range of options for all types of leisure activities.

When is the best time to come?

The best time to visit Lisbon is in spring (April and May) and fall (September and October). During these seasons, the weather is usually pleasant and mild, and there are fewer tourists compared to the summer months.

In spring, the gardens in Lisbon start to bloom and the temperature becomes comfortable for walks and sightseeing. In the fall, you can enjoy pleasant warmth and long sunny days while avoiding the intense heat typical of summer.

Summer (June, July, and August) is also a popular time to visit due to the warm weather and beach season, but keep in mind that the city can be crowded with tourists and accommodation prices may be higher.

Winter in Lisbon is mild and rainy, so it is not the most popular tourist time, although some prefer to visit the city during this time to enjoy a quieter and calmer atmosphere.

Transport

In Lisbon, there are several convenient options for public transportation that can help you get around the city:

• Metro: Lisbon's metro is a fast and convenient way to get around. It covers the main areas of the city, with four lines designated by different colors.
• Buses: Lisbon has an extensive bus network operated by Carris. Buses can be convenient for traveling to areas without metro access.
• Trams: Lisbon's trams are not only public transportation but also a tourist attraction. The most famous route is 28, which passes through the historic districts of the city.
• Trains: If you need to travel outside the city, suburban trains are a great option. The main stations in the city are Rossio and Cais do Sodre.
• Funiculars and elevators: Lisbon is a hilly city, so funiculars and the famous Santa Justa lift can be useful for getting to higher points.
• Ferries: Ferries cross the Tagus River and can take you to places like Almada and Costa da Caparica.
• Taxis and ride-hailing services: Lisbon has plenty of taxis and services like Uber and Bolt available.
• Bike or electric scooter rentals: If you prefer a more active form of transportation, Lisbon offers bike and electric scooter rentals.

Each of these modes of transportation has its advantages depending on your route and preferences, so choosing the right option should be easy.

Note for tourists

When traveling to Lisbon, it is useful to know some tips and customs that will help you better fit into the local culture and get the most out of your trip.

Useful tips:

• Transport:

  • Public transport is convenient in Lisbon: metro, trams, and buses. Vintage trams, such as no. 28, are especially popular as they pass by many tourist attractions.
  • Get a Viva Viagem card for convenience and savings on transportation.

• Walking:

  • The city is located on hills, so be prepared for steep inclines. Comfortable footwear will come in handy.
  • The narrow streets and stairs (e.g. in the Alfama district) make exploring the city particularly picturesque.

• Food:

  • Try local delicacies such as pastel de nata (sweet pastries) and cod dishes (bacalhau).
  • Lunchtime in Portugal usually starts later than in some other countries, around 13:00–15:00. Restaurants typically open for dinner around 19:00.

• Safety:

  • Lisbon is a relatively safe city, but be mindful of your belongings, especially in tourist areas and public transport.

Local customs and etiquette:

• Greetings: Portuguese people are very friendly. Exchanging greetings like "Olá" (Hello) or "Bom dia" (Good morning) is welcomed.

• Handshakes are common in first meetings, while close acquaintances are greeted with two kisses on the cheeks.

• Restaurant etiquette:

• When paying the bill, tipping is not mandatory but leaving around 5–10% for good service is appreciated.

• If offered bread, olives, or appetizers, be aware that they will be added to the bill.

• Politeness:

• Locals appreciate politeness and respect. Always use "please" (por favor) and "thank you" (obrigado/obrigada).

• Photography and videography:

• Respect people's privacy. Do not photograph locals without permission, especially in residential areas.

• Nature and architecture:

• Lisbon is famous for its architecture and nature. Respect the city's historical heritage and do not leave trash on the streets.

These tips will help you better understand and immerse yourself in the atmosphere of Lisbon, as well as enjoy everything this wonderful city has to offer.