Munich

Munich, the capital of Bavaria, charms with its historical landmarks, picturesque parks, and cultural events. The city, combining traditions and modernity, offers a unique journey into the heart of German culture and hospitality.

Munich has a special charm and cultural heritage that inspires many. One of the famous quotes about the city belongs to Thomas Mann, a well-known German writer and Nobel Prize laureate in literature:

Munich shines. (München leuchtet.)

These words beautifully reflect the unique atmosphere of the city, its beauty, and appeal to tourists.

General information

Munich, located in the southern part of Germany, is the capital of Bavaria and the third largest city in the country. The city has a population of approximately 1.5 million people.

History and culture: Munich has a rich history that spans more than eight centuries. The city was founded in 1158 and has since become an important cultural and administrative center. Its historical heritage can be seen in numerous buildings and monuments, such as Marienplatz with the New and Old Town Halls, as well as the Wittelsbach Residence.

Sights:

• Marienplatz: The central square of the city, the heart of Munich, with the New and Old Town Halls.
• Frauenkirche: The great cathedral, a symbol of Munich, known for its twin towers.
• English Garden: A huge urban park larger than Central Park in New York City.
• Nymphenburg Palace: A luxurious residence harmoniously combining Baroque and Rococo styles.
• Museums: BMW Museum, German Museum, Pinakothek (Old, New, and Modern).

Oktoberfest: Munich is home to the famous Oktoberfest, the world's largest beer festival. Every year, the festival attracts millions of tourists from around the world who come to sample local beer and enjoy traditional Bavarian cuisine.

Economy and technology: Munich is known for its highly developed sectors in the automotive and aviation industries, information technology, and biotechnology. The city is home to leading companies such as BMW, Siemens, and Allianz.

Education and science: Munich is an important educational and scientific center, hosting prestigious universities such as Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU) and the Technical University of Munich (TUM).

Sports: The city is also renowned for its sports teams, particularly the football club "FC Bayern Munich," one of the most successful clubs in the world.

Cuisine: Munich cuisine features traditional Bavarian dishes such as Bavarian sausages, pork knuckles, pretzels, and a variety of beers brewed according to strict recipes.

Because of all these factors, Munich continues to attract millions of tourists, offering a unique mix of history, culture, science, and entertainment.

Monuments and museums

• Alte Pinakothek
• New Pinakothek
• Pinakothek der Moderne
• German Museum
• Bavarian National Museum
• Residenz
• Glyptothek
• Munich City Museum
• Nymphenburg Palace
• Marienplatz and New Town Hall

Historical events

Munich, the capital of Bavaria, is a city with a rich and eventful history. Here is a brief description of some significant historical events associated with Munich:

• Foundation of Munich (1158): Munich was founded in 1158 by Duke Henry the Lion. The first written mention of the city is linked to an imperial decree from Emperor Frederick Barbarossa allowing Henry the Lion to establish a market on the grounds of the Schäftlarn Abbey.

• Establishment of the Bavarian State Library (1558): In 1558, Duke Albrecht V founded the Bavarian State Library, a crucial step in the development of the city's cultural and educational potential.

• Oktoberfest (1810): Oktoberfest, one of the world's most famous folk festivals, was first held in 1810 to celebrate the wedding of Ludwig I and Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. The festival continues to this day, attracting millions of visitors from around the world annually.

• Munich Agreement (1938): The infamous Munich Agreement was signed in Munich, where Britain, France, Italy, and Germany decided the fate of Czechoslovakia by ceding the Sudetenland to Germany. This agreement served as a prelude to the onset of World War II.

• Kristallnacht in Munich (1938): On the night of November 9-10, 1938, mass pogroms took place against the Jewish population across the Third Reich, known as Kristallnacht. In Munich and other cities, synagogues, shops, and homes of Jews were destroyed.

• Munich Massacre (1972): During the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, the Palestinian terrorist organization "Black September" seized members of the Israeli Olympic team as hostages. In a failed rescue attempt, 11 athletes, one German policeman, and five terrorists lost their lives.

• Economic and cultural development after World War II: In the post-war years, Munich actively rebuilt and developed. The city emerged as a significant economic and cultural center in Germany, known for its advancements in technology, science, education, and culture.

These events are just a fraction of Munich's eventful history, solidifying its position as a key city in Germany with a rich cultural and historical heritage.

Cultural events and festivals

Munich, the capital of Bavaria, is known for its numerous cultural events and festivals that attract tourists and locals throughout the year. Here are some of the most popular and well-known ones:

• Oktoberfest: Perhaps the most famous and largest beer event in the world, Oktoberfest takes place every year from late September to the first weekend in October, attracting millions of visitors. Participants enjoy traditional Bavarian dishes, beer, and fun attractions.

• Filmfest München: This festival, held at the end of June to the beginning of July, is considered one of the largest in Germany. It attracts directors, actors, and film enthusiasts from around the world, providing a platform for showcasing new films and discussing trends in the film industry.

• Munich Fashion Week: An event held annually in January that brings together designers, models, and representatives of the fashion industry to showcase the latest trends in fashion.

• Tollwood Festival: Held twice a year - in summer and winter. The summer festival takes place at Theresienwiese, while the winter festival is held at the Zenlinger Tor. This cultural event includes concerts, theatrical performances, art exhibitions, and a variety of markets with eco-products.

• Munich Biennale: An international festival of new music and opera held every two years. It showcases innovative works by composers and performers from around the world.

• Festival Alte Musik: Held annually in March-April and dedicated to the performance of music from the baroque, renaissance, and medieval eras on historical instruments.

• Münchner Fischmarkt: Held annually at the end of July and beginning of August at Münchner Freiheit. This event offers visitors the opportunity to try various seafood and enjoy the atmosphere of a northern German market.

• Starkbierfest: A traditional strong beer festival held in March. Visitors can try strong beer brewed specifically for this time of year and enjoy Bavarian cuisine and music.

These and many other events make Munich one of the most culturally rich cities in Germany and Europe.

Galleries and exhibitions

Munich is a cultural center of Germany, known for its art galleries and museums. Here are some of the key galleries and exhibitions worth visiting:

• Alte Pinakothek (Old Pinakothek): One of the oldest and most significant art museums in the world. It houses a collection of European paintings from the Middle Ages to the mid-18th century, including works by masters such as Rembrandt, Rubens, and Leonardo da Vinci.

• Neue Pinakothek (New Pinakothek): Focused on art from the 19th and early 20th centuries. The collection includes Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, and Modern art. Works by Vincent van Gogh, Edouard Manet, and Pablo Picasso can be seen here.

• Pinakothek der Moderne (Pinakothek of the Modern): One of the largest museums of modern art in Europe. It includes four main collections: modern art, graphic design, architecture, and design, with numerous works from the 20th and 21st centuries.

• Lenbachhaus: Known for its collection of works by the "Blue Rider" group, including pieces by Wassily Kandinsky, Alexei von Jawlensky, and Franz Marc. It also features a large amount of contemporary art.

• Museum Brandhorst: A modern collection with a focus on works by Andy Warhol, Cy Twombly, and other renowned artists of the 20th and 21st centuries. The museum opened in 2009 and has an ultra-modern building.

• Haus der Kunst (House of Art): A museum specializing in modern art, hosting temporary exhibitions by leading contemporary artists and experimental projects.

• Architekturmuseum der TUM (Architecture Museum of the TUM): Located in the Pinakothek der Moderne, one of the leading architecture museums showcasing exhibitions on the history and modernity of architecture.

• Münchner Stadtmuseum (Munich City Museum of Photography): Specializing in photography and multimedia arts, with retrospectives of famous photographers and thematic exhibitions.

• Kunstverein München (Munich Art Society): A platform for young and emerging artists, hosting exhibitions, discussions, artistic residencies, and other events supporting contemporary art.

In Munich, there are also frequent temporary exhibitions, performances, and art festivals that make this city a true mecca for culture lovers.

Local cuisine

Munich is not only beer and Oktoberfest, but also a whole range of delicious delicacies that are definitely worth trying. Here are some of them:

• Weißwurst: These traditional white sausages are made from veal and pork, seasoned with parsley, lemon, onion, ginger, and cardamom. They are usually served with fresh pretzels (Brezen) and sweet mustard (süßer Senf). Traditionally eaten before noon, so plan for a morning snack!

• Leberkäse: This meat product has a consistency similar to meatloaf and is usually served hot in slices with a roll and mustard. A tasty and filling snack!

• Schweinshaxe: Pork knuckle, roasted to perfection, with a crispy skin and juicy meat. Often served with potato dumplings (Kartoffelknödel) and sauerkraut.

• Schweinsbraten: Pork roast, prepared in beer and seasoned with spices. Served with potato dumplings and vegetables.

• Bratwurst: Grilled sausages that are served with various side dishes, such as potato salad (Kartoffelsalat) or fresh pretzels.

• Obatzda: Cheese cream made with Camembert, butter, beer, and spices. Perfect to enjoy with pretzels and fresh bread.

• Apfelstrudel: Apple strudel - a thin layer of pastry filled with apples, raisins, and cinnamon. Usually served with vanilla sauce or ice cream.

• Kaiserschmarrn: Torn sweet pancakes, usually served with apple sauce, berry jam, or whipped cream.

• Dampfnudeln: Steamed buns, often served with vanilla sauce and plum compote.

• Brezel (Brezn): Huge crispy pretzels, generously sprinkled with salt. Perfect as a snack with beer.

And, of course, do not forget about the local beer that Munich is famous for. Each brewery traditionally brews its own special beer, which you can try at one of the many beer gardens or at the Oktoberfest festival.

Restaurants and cafes

Munich is a city with a rich cultural and culinary history. If you want to experience the authentic local cuisine as well as try international dishes, you should visit some iconic places:

Traditional Bavarian Restaurants

• Hofbräuhaus:
  • Address: Platzl 9
  • Description: One of the oldest and most famous beer halls in the world. Here you can enjoy traditional Bavarian beer and dishes such as pork knuckle and white sausage.
• Augustiner Bräustuben:
  • Address: Landsberger Straße 19
  • Description: Serving the oldest Munich beer and traditional Bavarian dishes in an authentic atmosphere.
• Schneider Bräuhaus:
  • Address: Tal 7
  • Description: A popular spot for wheat beer enthusiasts and Bavarian cuisine lovers.

Modern and Gourmet

• Tantris:
  • Address: Johann-Fichte-Straße 7
  • Description: One of the most famous fine dining restaurants in Munich with Michelin stars. Modern European cuisine.
• Atelier:
  • Address: Promenadepl. 2-6 (in the Bayerischer Hof hotel)
  • Description: A three Michelin-starred restaurant. Exquisite dishes and impeccable service.

International Cuisine

• Cochinchina:
  • Address: Rumfordstraße 34
  • Description: A great place for Asian cuisine lovers. Delicious and original Vietnamese dishes with a modern twist.
• Viktualienmarkt:
  • Address: Viktualienmarkt 3
  • Description: An open-air market where you can find various food stalls from around the world. A great place for foodies who want to try different cuisines in one spot.

Cafes

• Café Frischhut (Schmalznudel):
  • Address: Prälat-Zistl-Straße 8
  • Description: A famous place to try fresh Schmalznudel (German doughnuts) and delicious coffee.
• Café Luitpold:
  • Address: Brienner Straße 11
  • Description: A historic cafe with excellent pastries and confectionery. A great place for morning coffee or afternoon tea.

Modern Establishments

• Man vs. Machine:
  • Address: Müllerstraße 23
  • Description: A great place for coffee enthusiasts. A coffee shop known for its high-quality beans and professional baristas.

Beer Gardens

• Biergarten am Chinesischen Turm:
  • Address: Englischer Garten 3
  • Description: One of the largest and most beautiful beer gardens in Munich, located in the English Garden. An ideal place to relax outdoors with a pint of beer.

These establishments will help you experience the full range of Munich's culinary offerings, from traditional Bavarian cuisine to modern gourmet and international cuisine.

Shopping malls and markets

Munich, the capital of Bavaria, is known not only for its historical and cultural landmarks, but also for its diverse nightlife and shopping opportunities. Here is an overview of some popular shopping centers, markets, and entertainment venues:

Shopping Centers and Markets

• Kaufingerstraße - One of the most famous shopping streets in Munich. Here you will find plenty of clothing, shoe, accessory, and souvenir shops.
• Olympia-Einkaufszentrum (OEZ) - One of Munich's largest shopping centers with over 130 shops, restaurants, and cafes. Here you can find everything from fashionable clothing to electronics.
• Riem Arcaden - A three-story shopping center with a variety of shops, restaurants, and a cinema. A great place for family shopping.
• Viktualienmarkt - An open-air historical market where you can find fresh produce, flowers, delicacies, and exotic spices. An ideal place for food enthusiasts.
• Fünf Höfe - This fashionable shopping complex is known for its ultra-modern design and provides a premium shopping experience with high-end boutique brands.

Nightlife and Entertainment

• Hofbräuhaus - One of the most famous beer halls in the world, where you can enjoy traditional Bavarian atmosphere, live music, and of course, great beer.
• Pacha München - A popular nightclub with electronic music and modern interiors. It is often visited by famous DJs.
• Bob Beaman - A famous club attracting fans of electronic and techno music. Known for its excellent acoustics and invited artists.
• Schumann’s Bar - A classic cocktail bar where you can enjoy high-quality drinks in a cozy atmosphere.
• Kellerman's - Trendy speakeasy-style bar known for its craft cocktails, creating a sense of exclusivity and sophistication.
• Cult Fabric - An alternative cultural space hosting concerts, exhibitions, and parties. A great place for fans of underground culture.

Theaters and Concert Venues

• Bavarian State Opera (Bayerische Staatsoper) - One of the most prestigious opera theaters in the world. Famous artists perform here and classical and modern operas are staged.
• Gasteig - The largest cultural center in Munich, including a philharmonic hall, libraries, concert halls, and exhibition spaces.
• Theater im Marstall - A theater specializing in contemporary plays and avant-garde productions.

Munich offers a wide range of entertainment options for every taste, allowing you to enjoy both cultural and more informal events.

When is the best time to come?

Munich is a city with a rich history, culture, and diverse year-round events. The best time to visit may depend on what aspects of the city interest you:

• Spring (April - June):

  • Benefits: Weather gets warmer and sunnier, many gardens and parks are in bloom, tourist crowds are still small.
  • Events: Auer Dult fruit market in May.

• Summer (July - August):

  • Benefits: Warm weather, the opportunity to enjoy beer gardens and numerous festivals.
  • Events: Munich Opera Festival and Christopher Street Day (LGBT parade).

• Autumn (September - November):

  • Benefits: Early autumn weather is still pleasant, but the main influx of tourists comes in September and October due to Oktoberfest.
  • Events: Oktoberfest (late September to early October) – the world's largest beer festival.

• Winter (December - March):

  • Benefits: Winter in Munich is magical with Christmas markets, especially Marienplatz, and traditional winter activities.
  • Events: Christmas markets in December, Munich Film Festival in January.

Each season has its pros and cons. Summer attracts with warm weather and festivals, autumn with the features of Oktoberfest, winter with a festive atmosphere. Your choice depends on which aspects of Munich interest you the most.

Transport

Munich is a large and well-organized European city, offering a variety of transportation options for getting around. Here are the main ways to travel around the city:

• Metro (U-Bahn) - One of the most popular and convenient means of transportation. It is fast and covers a large part of the city.
• City Train (S-Bahn) - This system is more extensive and connects the city centers with suburbs and neighboring towns.
• Buses - The bus network in Munich is well developed and can be useful for getting around areas where there are no metro or train stations.
• Trams (Straßenbahn) - The tram system covers both central and peripheral areas of the city and is convenient for those who prefer surface transportation.
• Bicycles - Munich is very cyclist-friendly, offering plenty of bike paths and rental stations.
• Taxis - Taxis can be easily found in many parts of the city, as well as ordered through mobile apps.
• Walking - The center of Munich is quite compact, and many attractions can be easily explored on foot.
• Electric scooters and e-bikes - There are many rental services for electric scooters and e-bikes in the city. This is a fast and eco-friendly way of getting around.
• Car - Traveling by car in Munich is possible, although traffic can often be heavy and parking can be challenging. However, there are plenty of parking zones and garages available.

Public transportation in Munich is operated by the MVV company (Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund), and a single ticket is valid on all modes of transport (metro, trains, trams, and buses). There are various ticket options available, including one-time tickets, day passes, and longer-term passes.

Note for tourists

Munich is an amazing city with a rich history, cultural heritage, and wonderful atmosphere. Traveling to the capital of Bavaria will be an unforgettable experience if you follow some useful tips and respect local customs. Here are some tips that will help you:

Useful tips for tourists:

• Transportation:
• Public transport: Munich has a well-developed public transportation system (U-Bahn, S-Bahn, buses, and trams). Get a day or multi-day pass to save money.
• Bicycles: The city also has good infrastructure for cyclists. You can rent a bike to explore the sights.
• Airport: Munich Airport is located close to the city and can be easily reached by S-Bahn train.

Accommodation:

• Book your hotel in advance, especially if you plan to travel during popular events like Oktoberfest.
• Consider staying in a hostel or a rented apartment if you want to save money.

Food:

• Try local dishes such as Bavarian sausages, schnitzel, pork knuckle, and, of course, Bavarian beer.
• Visit traditional Bavarian beer gardens and restaurants.

Local customs and rules of behavior:

• Communication: Germans, including Munich residents, value punctuality. Try not to be late for meetings.
• Greetings: Use greetings like "Guten Tag" (Good day), "Grüß Gott" (traditional Bavarian greeting), or simply "Hallo."
• Politeness: Show respect and be polite. Use "Sie" in formal situations.

Tipping:

• It is customary to leave a tip of 5-10% of the bill amount in restaurants and cafes. In bars, you can round up the bill to the next whole amount.

Cultural events and holidays:

• Participate in cultural events and holidays, such as Oktoberfest, to better understand local traditions.
• In August and December, there are also big festivals and markets where you can feel the city's spirit.

Clothing:

• Dress business-like and conservatively, especially in business situations or when attending events.
• Traditional clothing, such as dirndls (for women) and lederhosen (for men), is often worn during festivals and holidays.

Environmental awareness:

• Munich residents attach great importance to ecology. Try to separate trash, not litter the streets, and follow recycling rules.

Smoking:

• Smoking in public places is strictly regulated. Pay attention to no smoking signs and follow the rules.

Sights:

• Marienplatz - central square with the New Town Hall.
• English Garden - one of the largest urban parks in the world.
• Nymphenburg Palace - a magnificent baroque palace.
• Museums - The House of Art, German Museum, Pinakothek.

I hope these tips will help you enjoy your trip to Munich and make it as comfortable and interesting as possible. Have a pleasant journey!