Rotterdam

Rotterdam is a dynamic city in the Netherlands, known for its modern architectural look and vibrant cultural scene. Here, innovation meets tradition, and picturesque canals neighbor futuristic skyscrapers, creating a unique atmosphere for every visitor.

One of the famous phrases often associated with Rotterdam belongs to the poet and writer Jules Deelder: Rotterdam did not fall from the sky, it was built by the hands of people. This quote emphasizes the spirit of the city, its ability for reconstruction and innovation, making Rotterdam particularly attractive to tourists.

General information

Rotterdam is a major port city in the Netherlands, the second largest city in the country after Amsterdam. It is located in the province of South Holland on the banks of the Maas River. Rotterdam is known for its modern architecture, cultural attractions, and active nightlife.

Here are a few reasons why Rotterdam is popular among tourists:

• Modern architecture: The city is famous for its innovative architectural style. Rotterdam is home to well-known buildings such as the Erasmus Bridge, Cube Houses, Markthal, and the Maastoren tower.

• Cultural events and museums: Rotterdam offers many museums and galleries, including the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Museum of Modern Art, and Maritime Museum dedicated to maritime history. The city also hosts various festivals and cultural events.

• Port of Rotterdam: One of the largest ports in the world and the biggest in Europe. Tourists can take excursions around the port to see one of Europe's key maritime gateways in action.

• Gastronomic variety: Rotterdam offers a wide range of restaurants and cafes with diverse cuisine, from traditional Dutch to international. Markthal is particularly known for its abundance of food stalls and restaurants.

• Shopping and entertainment: The city also provides excellent shopping opportunities, from large shopping centers to unique boutiques in areas like Witte de Withstraat. The city's nightlife is vibrant with clubs, bars, and concert venues.

• Parks and nature relaxation: Rotterdam has many green areas and parks, such as Kralingse Bos park and Erasmus Park. These are great places for relaxation and walks.

With such a diverse range of offerings and a unique combination of history and modernity, Rotterdam has become an attractive destination on the tourist map of Europe.

Monuments and museums

• EuroMast: This famous tower is a symbol of the city and offers panoramic views of the surrounding area. Here you can learn more about the city's development and enjoy breathtaking views.

• Cube Houses: These unique architectural structures were designed by architect Piet Blom and have become one of the most famous landmarks. One of the houses houses a museum where you can see how these unique homes are laid out from the inside.

• Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen: One of the oldest art museums in the country, housing a rich collection of artworks, including works by masters such as Rembrandt and Van Gogh.

• Maritime Museum Harbour: This museum offers a dive into the city's maritime heritage, telling the story of the development of the port and shipping.

• De Hef: A well-known drawbridge that may no longer function, but is an important monument of engineering and a symbol of reconstruction after the destruction of World War II.

• Delfshaven: Historic area that retains the atmosphere of an old village, where you can enjoy quiet streets and traditional architecture.

• Photography Museum: Devoted to the art of photography and offers a wide range of temporary exhibitions showcasing various aspects of life.

These landmarks allow a deeper understanding of the city's cultural and historical heritage and its development over the centuries.

Historical events

Rotterdam is the second largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Here are some significant historical events related to Rotterdam:

• Foundation and early history:

  • Rotterdam was founded in the mid-13th century when a dam was built on the Rotte River in 1270. This led to the development of a trading settlement that later became a city. In 1340, Rotterdam was granted city rights by the Count of Holland.

• Dutch Golden Age:

  • In the 17th century, during the Dutch Golden Age, Rotterdam became an important trading and maritime center due to its favorable geographical location and network of canals.

• World War II:

  • One of the most tragic events in the city's history was the bombing of Rotterdam by German forces on May 14, 1940. As a result, almost the entire historical center of the city was destroyed, leading to significant casualties and extensive damage.

• Post-war reconstruction and modernization:

  • After the war, Rotterdam underwent an intensive period of reconstruction and modernization. The city gained a reputation as a center of modern architectural solutions, becoming a symbol of its revitalization.

• Port of Rotterdam:

  • Throughout the 20th century and to this day, the Port of Rotterdam remains one of the largest and most important ports in Europe and the world. It plays a key role in global trade, especially as a gateway to Europe for goods from Asia.

• Cultural development:

  • Today, Rotterdam is known for its modern architecture, cultural diversity, and rich cultural life, including events like the Rotterdam International Film Festival.

These events have shaped the image and unique identity of Rotterdam over the centuries. The city continues to evolve and remains an important economic and cultural center in the Netherlands today.

Cultural events and festivals

Rotterdam, as one of the largest cities in the Netherlands, is famous for its rich cultural calendar. Here are some of the well-known events and festivals held in the city:

• International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR) - one of the largest and most prestigious film festivals in the world, held annually in January-February. The festival is known for its focus on innovative and independent films.

• North Sea Jazz Festival - one of the most significant jazz festivals in the world, held in July. The event attracts many renowned jazz, blues, and soul performers.

• Rotterdam Unlimited - a cultural festival that features a large carnival, musical performances, and street artist shows. Held in the summer, it attracts numerous participants and spectators.

• Rotterdam Marathon - one of Europe's leading running events, held annually in April and attracting thousands of participants from around the world.

• Motel Mozaïque Festival - an art festival held in spring, featuring music, theatrical performances, and art installations, exploring various forms of contemporary art.

• Dunya Festival - a celebration of cultural diversity with musicians, artists, and cuisine from around the world. While the main events have been narrowed down, many elements continue through various cultural initiatives.

• Wereldhavendagen Parade Festival - held in early September and dedicated to the Rotterdam port. It includes tours, demonstrations, and maritime parades.

These events highlight the multicultural and dynamic nature of Rotterdam, turning the city into an important cultural center in the region.

Galleries and exhibitions

Rotterdam is a city with a rich cultural scene, and here you will find plenty of galleries and exhibitions worth visiting. Here are some of them:

• Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen: One of the most famous museums in the Netherlands with a collection spanning over seven centuries of art, including works by Bosch, Rembrandt, Van Gogh, and Dali.
• Kunsthal Rotterdam: This exhibition hall is known for its diversity, from classical art to contemporary photography and fashion. It often hosts interesting temporary exhibitions.
• FOAM Rotterdam: Often referred to as a branch of the famous Amsterdam museum, FOAM in Rotterdam offers exciting exhibitions of contemporary photography.
• Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art: This gallery specializes in contemporary and experimental art, showcasing works by both Dutch and international artists.
• V2_ Institute for Unstable Media: A place for those interested in experimental forms of art intersecting with technology and new media.
• TENT: An art space dedicated to experimental contemporary art. It hosts exhibitions, lectures, and workshops.
• Het Nieuwe Instituut: Dedicated to design, architecture, and digital culture. The institute regularly hosts thematic exhibitions and events.
• Netherlands Architecture Museum: Focuses on architecture and urban planning. Here you can study models, drawings, and models of famous buildings. Rotterdam is a dynamic city, and temporary exhibitions often take place here, so it is worth keeping an eye on updates to the schedule and planning your visit in advance.

Local cuisine

In Rotterdam and the Netherlands in general, there are many local delicacies that tourists should try. Here are some of them:

• Haring (Herring): Fresh herring is one of the most famous Dutch delicacies. It is usually served with finely chopped onions and pickles.
• Stroopwafels: These are two thin waffles with a layer of syrup in the middle. It is best to try them fresh at local markets.
• Kroketten (Croquettes): Delicious fried croquettes with various fillings, often made of meat ragu.
• Poffertjes: Small fluffy pancakes that are usually served with powdered sugar and butter.
• Kaas (Cheese): The Netherlands is known for its cheese, and in Rotterdam you will find many shops where you can try cheeses such as Gouda, Edam, and Leiden.
• Patat (French Fries): Typically served with various sauces, the most popular of which is mayonnaise.
• Bitterballen: Small fried balls, similar to croquettes, served as a snack with mustard.
• Oliebollen: A traditional sweet treat resembling doughnuts, usually served during the winter period, especially on New Year's.
• Drop (Licorice): Very popular licorice in the Netherlands, but the taste can be an acquired one.
• Hagelslag (Chocolate Sprinkles): Usually served on bread for breakfast. Try visiting local markets, such as the Markthal in Rotterdam, to sample these delicacies and enjoy the city's atmosphere.

Restaurants and cafes

Rotterdam offers plenty of interesting restaurants and cafes that tourists should visit. Here are a few establishments that are often recommended:

• FG Restaurant - This two Michelin-starred restaurant, where chef Francisco Gutiérrez offers modern French cuisine with innovative elements.
• Restaurant Parkheuvel - Another Michelin-starred restaurant, Parkheuvel offers haute cuisine dishes with a view of the River Maas. Chef Erik van Loo is known for his culinary experiments.
• De Matroos en Het Meisje - A popular spot among locals, offering a menu of several dishes with an emphasis on seasonal produce. The establishment is known for its warm atmosphere.
• Hotel New York - This historical building of a former sea port, now transformed into a hotel and restaurant. Here you can try a variety of dishes, from seafood to steaks.
• Fenix Food Factory - An outdoor market and café located in a converted warehouse. A great place for tasting local products, cheeses, and ciders.
• Markthal - While not a single restaurant, but a whole indoor market, Markthal is worth visiting for the variety of dishes offered and impressive architecture.
• Ayla - A great place to experience Middle Eastern cuisine in a modern interpretation. Here you can try tapas with bold flavors.
• De IJssalon - For ice cream lovers, this is a must-visit place in Rotterdam, offering a wide range of flavors.

The choice of places to visit in Rotterdam is truly rich, so everyone will be able to find something to their taste.

Shopping malls and markets

Rotterdam offers a variety of opportunities for shopping, nightlife, and entertainment:

Shopping Centers and Markets:

• Markthal Rotterdam:

  • This is one of the most famous indoor markets in Rotterdam. It offers a variety of food stalls, restaurants, and specialty shops, and is known for its unique architectural design.

• Lijnbaan:

  • The first pedestrian shopping street in Europe. It features various brand stores and boutiques.

• De Bijenkorf:

  • A prestigious department store with a wide selection of high-quality products, including clothing, cosmetics, and home goods.

• Alexandrium Shopping Center:

  • One of the largest shopping complexes, including clothing and electronics stores as well as a furniture center.

• Blaak Market:

  • An open-air market open on Tuesdays and Saturdays. Here you can find fresh fruits, vegetables, flowers, and various goods.

Nightlife:

• Witte de Withstraat:

  • This street is known for its numerous bars, cafes, and restaurants, creating a lively atmosphere. It is one of the best places to start an evening stroll.

• Maassilo:

  • A popular nightclub and concert venue located in a former grain silo. Various parties and DJ performances are held here.

• Club Vie:

  • A well-known club that attracts with its modern music and stylish decor.

• Rotown:

  • A combination of a bar, club, and concert hall. Local and international artists often perform here.

Entertainment:

• Kunsthal Rotterdam:

  • An art museum with diverse temporary exhibitions, often attracting lovers of contemporary art.

• Euromast:

  • The tallest observation tower in the Netherlands, offering a breathtaking view of the city.

• Rotterdam Zoo (Diergaarde Blijdorp):

  • One of the best zoos in Europe with a diverse range of flora and fauna.

• Pathé Schouwburgplein:

  • A movie theater in the city center where you can watch the latest Hollywood blockbusters as well as local films.

Rotterdam offers a rich selection for shopping and entertainment, catering to a wide range of tastes and preferences.

When is the best time to come?

The best time to visit Rotterdam depends on your preferences regarding weather and tourist activity. Here are some recommendations:

• Late spring (May - early June): The weather becomes warmer and sunnier during this time, but there are not as many tourists yet. It is an ideal time for walks, visiting parks, and exploring cultural attractions.

• Summer (June - August): Summer months in Rotterdam are typically warmer, with an average temperature of around 20-25°C. This is the time of big festivals and events, such as the North Sea Jazz Festival. However, summer also attracts more tourists, so it may be busier.

• Early autumn (September - early October): Like in spring, the weather remains pleasant during this time, and there are fewer tourists. The city looks particularly beautiful due to the autumn foliage.

If you prefer to avoid crowds and don't mind cooler weather, late autumn and winter can also be interesting due to cultural events and the festive atmosphere leading up to Christmas.

Transport

Rotterdam has a well-developed transportation system, and you have several options for getting around the city:

• Metro: Rotterdam has a convenient metro system with multiple lines connecting different areas of the city. The metro is one of the fastest ways to get around.

• Buses and Trams: RET is the company that operates buses and trams in Rotterdam. These modes of transportation cover most areas and can take you to places not served by the metro.

• Bicycles: Rotterdam offers excellent conditions for cycling. Bicycles can be rented at various points in the city, and there is also a network of cycling paths.

• Electric Scooters and Scooters: Electric scooters and regular scooters can be rented in the city through mobile applications. This is a great way to quickly cover short distances.

• Ferries and Water Taxis: Rotterdam is located on the water, and there are several ferry routes and water taxi services that connect different parts of the city across the river.

• Taxis: Taxis can be found throughout the city, and they can be easily summoned through apps like Uber and local taxi services.

• Car Rentals: If you prefer personal transportation, several companies offer car rentals. However, keep in mind that parking in the city center can be expensive.

Choose your mode of transportation depending on your route, time, and preferences.

Note for tourists

Before heading to Rotterdam, it's helpful to familiarize yourself with the local customs and rules of behavior to make your stay as comfortable and enjoyable as possible.

• Language: The main language in the Netherlands is Dutch, but most locals speak English well. Knowing a few phrases in Dutch can be a pleasant surprise for your conversation partners.

• Transport: Rotterdam has an excellent public transport system, including buses, trams, and the metro. Be sure to get an OV-chipkaart card for travel.

• Bike Culture: Bicycles are very popular, and bike lanes are sacred. Be mindful not to walk on bike lanes and yield to cyclists.

• Openness and Tolerance: Rotterdam, like the whole of the Netherlands, is known for its openness and tolerance. Be prepared for a variety of opinions and respect others' views and lifestyles.

• Tipping: Tipping usually amounts to around 5-10% of the bill in restaurants. In cafes and bars, you can round up the bill to the nearest euro.

• Daily Schedule: Most shops and restaurants in the city center close by evening, not late at night. Many shops open later than usual on Mondays.

• Events and Festivals: Check the city's events calendar for cultural events or festivals that may be happening during your visit.

• Photography: While Rotterdam is a modern city, respect people's personal space and always ask for permission before taking someone's photo.

Visiting Rotterdam will provide you with many unique experiences, whether it's the stunning modern architecture, maritime history, or diverse culture. By following local customs and rules, you will make your trip more productive and enjoyable.