Rome

Rome, the Eternal City, entices with a blend of ancient history and modern culture. Luxurious palaces stand alongside majestic ruins, and Italian cuisine delights with flavors and aromas. Discover the unique atmosphere of this amazing city.

One of the most famous aphorisms about Rome belongs to the writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: Rome is a whole world, and it takes a lifetime to even begin to understand it. This quote emphasizes the scale and richness of the history, art, and culture of the Eternal City, which can attract tourists eager to experience its outstanding heritage.

General information

Rome is the capital of Italy and one of the most iconic cities in the world. It has a rich history that dates back over two thousand years. Here are a few reasons why Rome is so popular among tourists:

• Historical heritage: Rome is famous for its ancient monuments and archaeological sites. The most famous of them are the Colosseum, the Roman Forum, and the Pantheon. These structures allow visitors to connect with the history of Ancient Rome.

• Culture and art: Rome has numerous museums, galleries, and churches filled with works of art. The Vatican Museums and the Sistine Chapel with Michelangelo's frescoes are particularly noteworthy.

• Architecture: The Eternal City is renowned for its architectural beauty. In addition to ancient buildings, there are many Renaissance and Baroque structures, including magnificent squares like Piazza Navona and Piazza del Popolo, as well as famous fountains like the Trevi Fountain.

• Religion: Rome is the center of Catholicism and the location of the Vatican. St. Peter's Basilica is one of the largest and most significant churches in the world, and the Vatican attracts pilgrims and tourists from around the world.

• Cuisine: Italian cuisine is considered one of the best in the world, and Rome offers a wide range of culinary delights. Local pastas, pizzas, and desserts leave a lasting impression.

• Traditions and customs: The city also provides an opportunity to learn about the culture and traditions of the Italian people, from holidays and festivals to everyday life.

• Atmosphere: Rome impresses with its atmosphere - a combination of grandeur and liveliness that can be felt on every street, in every café, and at every market.

These factors make Rome one of the most visited and attractive cities for tourists from around the world.

Monuments and museums

• The Colosseum - one of the most famous amphitheaters of the ancient world, a symbol of ancient Roman architecture and engineering.
• The Forum - the center of political, commercial, and social life in antiquity, where the remains of ancient temples and public buildings can be found.
• The Pantheon - a magnificent temple dedicated to all gods, with a unique dome and architectural proportion.
• The Baths of Caracalla - enormous public baths, preserving elements of ancient Roman engineering and mosaics.
• The Catacombs - underground burial complexes used by early Christians.
• The Sistine Chapel - a world-renowned work of art with paintings by Michelangelo.
• The Vatican Museums - an extensive collection of art and historical artifacts, including the Raphael Rooms and numerous sculptures.
• Castel Sant'Angelo - a fortress-castle, built as a mausoleum and used in different eras as a fortress and residence.
• St. Peter's Basilica - one of the largest and most significant churches in the world with breathtaking architecture and works of art.
• Villa Borghese - a museum and park showcasing works by Bernini, Caravaggio, and other masters of the Renaissance and Baroque periods.

Historical events

Ancient Rome is one of the most influential and important states in the history of humanity. Here are a few key stages and events in Rome:

• Foundation of Rome (753 BC):

  • According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus, brothers raised by a she-wolf. This event marked the beginning of Rome's history and its kingly period.

• Roman Republic (509 BC):

  • The Roman Republic was established after the overthrow of the last Roman king, Tarquin the Proud. A system of government based on collegiality and the election of officials was established instead of monarchy.

• Punic Wars (264-146 BC):

  • A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage, the most famous of which was the Second Punic War when Hannibal crossed the Alps with war elephants. As a result, Rome became the leading power in the Mediterranean.

• Spartacus' Rebellion (73-71 BC):

  • A slave revolt led by the gladiator Spartacus. It was one of the most significant uprisings against Roman hegemony, although it was ultimately suppressed.

• Assassination of Julius Caesar (44 BC):

  • A conspiracy against Julius Caesar, who was killed in a Senate meeting. This event triggered civil wars and ultimately led to the end of the republic.

• Beginning of the Empire (27 BC):

  • Octavian, later known as Augustus, became the first emperor of Rome, marking the end of the republic and the beginning of the Roman Empire, a period of significant expansion and cultural flourishing.

• Fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 AD):

  • The last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, Romulus Augustulus, was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer. This moment is traditionally considered the end of ancient Roman civilization.

• Emperor Constantine and the Adoption of Christianity (early 4th century):

  • Constantine the Great became the first Roman emperor to adopt Christianity. In 313 AD, he issued the Edict of Milan, which legalized Christianity and initiated its spread throughout the empire.

Each of these events had a significant impact on the subsequent history of Europe and the world as a whole, shaping political, social, and cultural foundations, many of which are relevant in modern times.

Cultural events and festivals

Rome, with its rich historical and cultural heritage, offers many interesting events and festivals. Here are some of them:

• Roman Carnival (Carnevale Romano) - a traditional festive festival that is usually held in February. It includes parades, costume shows, and various street performances.

• Rome Film Festival (Festa del Cinema di Roma) - takes place in October, attracting filmmakers and movie lovers from around the world. The festival includes film screenings, as well as meetings with directors and actors.

• Night of Museums (Notte dei Musei) - an annual event where many museums and archaeological sites are open at night and offer special activities.

• Estate Romana - a summer festival that lasts all summer and includes concerts, outdoor movie screenings, theater productions, and other cultural activities throughout Rome.

• Christmas Markets (Mercatini di Natale) - in December, festive markets with souvenirs, treats, and Christmas decorations are organized in the squares of Rome.

• Day of Rome (Natale di Roma) - celebrated on April 21st and includes parades, historical reenactments, performances, and events dedicated to the founding of the city.

• Classical Music Festival in Rome (Festival di Musica Classica) - takes place in various historical locations, such as the Baths of Caracalla, and attracts famous musicians and orchestras.

These and many other events make Rome a true cultural capital, where everyone can find activities to their taste.

Galleries and exhibitions

Rome, being the cultural capital of Italy, offers many galleries and exhibitions worth visiting. Here are some of them:

• Galleria Borghese: Located in Villa Borghese park, this gallery is known for its collection of works by famous masters such as Caravaggio, Titian, Raphael, and Bernini.
• National Gallery of Modern and Contemporary Art (GNAM - Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea): The museum houses an extensive collection of works from the 19th and 20th centuries, including pieces by Italian artists and international masters.
• MAXXI - National Museum of the 21st Century Arts: This is Italy's first national museum dedicated to contemporary art and architecture. Here you will find dynamic and innovative exhibitions.
• Capitoline Museums: One of the oldest public museums, its collections include ancient Roman sculptures, medieval, and Renaissance works.
• Vatican Museums: One of the largest museum complexes in the world, showcasing works from ancient times to modern day. Don't miss the Sistine Chapel with Michelangelo's frescoes.
• Palazzo delle Esposizioni: The largest exhibition space in Rome, where regular exhibitions of contemporary art, film festivals, and other cultural events are held.
• Caravaggio Experience: A unique multimedia exhibition dedicated to the life and works of the great Italian artist Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio.

Rome is rich in diverse cultural events and exhibitions, and this list is just the tip of the iceberg. Before visiting, it's worth checking for current exhibitions, as the displays are often updated.

Local cuisine

In Rome, there are many local delicacies that a tourist should definitely try to better understand the culture and traditions of Italian cuisine. Here are some of them:

• Cacio e Pepe - Simple but delightful dish made with spaghetti or tonnarelli, with a sauce of pecorino romano cheese and black pepper.
• Carbonara - Pasta with a sauce made of raw beaten eggs, pecorino and/or parmesan cheese, black pepper, and guanciale (similar to pancetta).
• Amatriciana - Pasta with tomato sauce, pecorino and guanciale. This dish originates from the Lazio region, with Rome as its capital.
• Carciofi alla Romana - Artichokes cooked with garlic, mint, and olive oil. This seasonal Roman dish is especially popular in the spring.
• Carciofi alla Giudia - Fried artichokes in the Jewish style, which have become a popular dish in the Jewish ghetto of Rome.
• Saltimbocca alla Romana - Veal wrapped in prosciutto and sage leaves, cooked with wine and oil.
• Supplì - Fried rice balls with a mozzarella filling, often served as a snack.
• Porchetta - Roasted rolled pork with aromatic herbs, usually served as street food.
• Gnocchi alla Romana - Gnocchi made from semolina, baked with butter and cheese.
• Maritozzo - Sweet bun with a whipped cream filling, often served for breakfast with coffee.

Traditional Roman dishes go well with local wines from the Lazio region. Don't miss the opportunity to try them together with the main courses.

Restaurants and cafes

Rome is famous for its cuisine, and there are indeed many great places where you can enjoy both traditional and modern Italian food. Here are a few restaurants and cafes that are worth visiting for a tourist:

• Roscioli - A great place to taste traditional Italian dishes such as pasta cacio e pepe and carbonara. They also have a wonderful collection of cheeses and wines.

• Trattoria da Enzo al 29 - This traditional Roman restaurant is famous for its classic dishes such as oxtail stew and spaghetti alla carbonara.

• Pizzeria La Montecarlo - Try a real Roman pizza with thin and crunchy crust. It's always crowded here, but the wait is worth it.

• Antico Forno Roscioli - A place that makes one of the best al taglio pizzas in Rome. It's the perfect spot for a quick snack.

• Giolitti - One of the oldest and most famous gelaterias in Rome. Be sure to try the ice cream with various flavors.

• Caffè Sant’Eustachio - Known for its excellent espresso. A place with a rich historical charm and unique coffee-making method.

• Felice a Testaccio - A restaurant where you can try incredibly delicious pasta cacio e pepe, prepared according to ancient traditions.

• Imàgo - If you're looking for a place with exquisite cuisine and a panoramic view of the city, this Michelin-starred restaurant is an excellent choice.

• Supplizio - If you want to try Roman snacks known as suppli (rice balls with various fillings), this is the place for you.

• Trattoria Monti - Known for its dishes from the Marche region and cozy atmosphere. A great choice for lunch or dinner in a traditional Italian style.

Each of these places offers a memorable culinary experience that complements your impressions of being in the Eternal City.

Shopping malls and markets

In Rome, like in any other major city, there are numerous shopping centers, markets, as well as places for nightlife and entertainment. Here are some recommendations: Shopping centers and markets:

• Galleria Alberto Sordi: This luxurious shopping mall is located in the city center and offers a wide range of shops from popular brands.
• Porta di Roma: One of the largest shopping centers in Rome, with plenty of shops, restaurants, and even a cinema.
• Campo de' Fiori: A well-known outdoor market popular among tourists and locals alike. Here you can find fresh produce, souvenirs, and much more.
• Mercato di Testaccio: A modern market where you can buy fresh produce and try traditional Italian dishes. Nightlife and entertainment:
• Trastevere: One of the most popular nightlife areas in Rome. Here you will find plenty of bars, pubs, and restaurants with a lively atmosphere.
• Testaccio: Known for its nightclubs and bars. Dance lovers will find plenty of venues with a variety of music.
• Pigneto: A district that has become popular due to its interesting bars and alternative atmosphere. A great place for those who enjoy something original.
• Villa Borghese: Although not a nightclub, the park offers plenty of entertainment options, such as open-air theater or cinema. Other entertainment:
• Theaters and concerts: Rome has many theaters and concert halls, such as Auditorium Parco della Musica and Teatro dell'Opera di Roma. Be sure to check the schedule to find out about current events.
• Culinary tours: A great way to get to know Roman cuisine and try various traditional dishes.
• Open-air cinemas: Especially popular in the summer months, offering a unique way to spend an evening outdoors. Rome is a city with a rich history and culture, offering entertainment for every taste. Regardless of your preferences, you will find something interesting here for yourself.

When is the best time to come?

The best time to visit Rome depends on your preferences. However, tourists most often choose the following periods:

• Spring (April-June): The temperature during this time is pleasant, usually ranging from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. Gardens are in bloom and the city comes alive after winter. There are fewer tourists compared to summer, making visits to popular attractions more comfortable.

• Autumn (September-October): The weather during this period is also mild and pleasant, similar to spring. The harvest season brings variety to markets and restaurants. There are still fewer tourists compared to the busiest summer months.

• Late winter (February-March): This time may appeal to those who want to avoid crowds and don't mind cooler weather. Many attractions are less crowded, and you can find good deals on accommodations.

Avoid visiting Rome during the peak tourist season, from July to August, when the city can be crowded and temperatures reach high levels.

Transport

In Rome, there are several ways to get around the city:

• Metro: Rome has three metro lines - A, B, and C. It is a fast way to move between the main districts of the city, although the metro does not cover the entire city.

• Buses and trams: An extensive network of buses and trams allows you to reach places that the metro does not reach. However, they can be slow due to traffic jams.

• Regional trains: They connect Rome with the suburbs and can be a convenient option for traveling long distances.

• Taxis: Taxis in Rome are numerous and can be a convenient option, especially at night or in places where public transport does not reach.

• Renting a bike or electric scooter: There are many bike and electric scooter rental points in the city, which is a convenient and ecological way to get around, especially in the central part of the city.

• Walking: Many historical attractions are relatively close to each other in the city center, so walking tours can be one of the best ways to see the sights.

• Car sharing: Car rental services by the minute, such as Car2Go and others, are also available in Rome.

Keep in mind that traffic in Rome can often be difficult, especially during the tourist season, so it is worth planning your route in advance.

Note for tourists

A visit to Rome can be incredibly fascinating, but it's useful to know some local customs and rules of behavior to avoid misunderstandings and fully enjoy your visit.

• Clothing and appropriate appearance:

  • When visiting churches, especially St. Peter's Basilica, make sure your clothing is appropriate. This means covered shoulders and knees for both men and women.
  • In general, Romans dress stylishly and modestly, so try not to stand out too much in the crowd, especially if you plan to visit more formal places.

• Dining habits:

  • Lunch in Rome usually starts around 13:00–14:00, and dinner – not earlier than 20:00–21:00.
  • Don't expect quick meals – dining here can be a long process, focused on enjoyment and socializing.

• Tipping:

  • Service charges are usually included in the bill as "coperto" or "servizio", but if you're satisfied with the service, leaving a small tip as a thank you is appreciated.

• Language and communication:

  • While many Romans speak English, attempting to speak Italian, even at a basic level, is always appreciated.
  • Formal greetings are always welcome; use "Signore" (for sir) and "Signora" (for madam).

• Order and rules in public places:

  • Be vigilant on busy streets and squares and keep an eye on your belongings.
  • It's customary to stand on the right side of escalators in the metro so that others can pass on the left.

• Transport:

  • Public transport tickets should be purchased in advance and validated before boarding a bus or train.
  • It's best to call a taxi by phone or through an app rather than hailing one on the street.

• Etiquette in queues and crowds:

  • Queues are a part of local life, and it's important to maintain order.

• General advice:

  • Try local cuisine, but avoid restaurants near tourist attractions if you want a more authentic experience.
  • Be prepared for the Romans' schedule, which may differ from what you're used to (e.g., siesta or late evenings).

By following these simple tips, you'll make your trip to Rome more enjoyable and comfortable. Enjoy the city with its history, culture, and hospitality!